Encrypted Mempool

A design where pending transactions are submitted encrypted and only decrypted after their order in a block is fixed, so no one can front-run or censor them based on their contents. Typically uses threshold encryption (a committee jointly decrypts, so no single party can peek early or withhold). It mitigates content-based MEV and censorship at the cost of added latency and a liveness dependency on the decryption committee — reducing extractable value rather than eliminating it.