Modular Blockchain

A blockchain architecture that splits the four core jobs — execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability — across specialised, cooperating layers rather than doing them all in one integrated system (the 'monolithic' approach). The rollup-centric design is the main example: rollups execute, a base layer settles/orders, and a DA layer (e.g. Celestia) guarantees data is published. Modularity buys independent scaling and shared security at the cost of fragmented liquidity, cross-layer trust, and weaker synchronous composability.