Polynomial Commitment

A commitment scheme that represents data as a mathematical polynomial and commits to it in a single value, enabling small proofs about the data (e.g. its value at a given point) without revealing all of it. Polynomial commitments (KZG being the most-used in crypto; FRI-based ones power STARKs) are a workhorse of modern zero-knowledge proofs and data-availability schemes, prized when proofs must stay small as the underlying data grows.