TWAP

Time-Weighted Average Price — an oracle design that smooths the reported price of an asset over a defined window (typically 10 minutes to several hours) by averaging prices across many blocks. TWAPs are harder to manipulate than spot prices because an attacker would need to sustain the manipulation across the entire window, but they are not immune: documented exploits against bZx (2020), Mango (2022), and Inverse Finance (2022) succeeded by using flash loans to push price beyond the TWAP's smoothing capacity, sometimes combined with multi-block manipulation. The longer the TWAP window, the more resistant — but the slower to react in legitimate price moves.